Search for: propolis

Research suggest that propolis may protect the organism from the harmful effects of radioactive, ultraviolet and electromagnetic radiation.

Every nuclear incidents, no matter how big, lead to radioactive pollution of the planet, food, water and air. In the long term it may increase the risk of thyroid cancer, leukaemia and bone sarcoma. Specifically, studies have showed that propolis prevents damage of chromosomes (1) and leukocyte DNA (2,3,4,5) caused by radiation. Interestingly, a study on mice which where pre-treated with propolis and afterwards irradiated by lethal dose of gamma rays, survived without any health consequences (6.7).

When using therapeutic doses of radiation, propolis suppressed inflammation of mucous membranes in the mouth (mucositis, which is a side effect of radiation) (8) and increased the effectiveness of radiation therapy in some cancers (9.10).

Exposure to sunlight raises incidence of allergies and skin cancers. Propolis has also been effective in preventing the harmful effects of solar radiation (11).

Electromagnetic radiation of mobile phones can cause an increase concentration of free radicals and oxidative stress in tissues (liver, eye, heart) and that can be prevented with some of the ingredients of propolis (12,13,14).

The protective effect of propolis from the harmful type of radiation is attributed to its capacity to eliminate free radicals, strong antioxidant abilities (1.11, 13.14, 15, 16, 17, 18) and balanced activation of the immune system (19).

References:
1. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:174853.
2. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. 2009 Jun;60(2):129-38.
3. Phytother Res. 2009 Aug;23(8):1159-68.
4. Phytomedicine. 2008 Oct;15(10):851-8.
5. Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2005;115(1-4):461-4.
6. Z Naturforsch C. 1989 Nov-Dec;44(11-12):1049-52.
7. Biol Pharm Bull. 2007 May;30(5):946-51.
8. Saudi Med J. 2010 Jun;31(6):622-6.
9. Int J Radiat Biol. 2011 Mar;87(3):243-53.
10. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005 Nov 15;63(4):1252-61.
11. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2010;152(2):87-97.
12. J Nanobiotechnology. 2011 Feb 4;9:3.
13. Toxicol Ind Health. 2009 Jul;25(6):429-34.
14. Toxicol Ind Health. 2005 Oct;21(9):223-30.
15. Kulak Burun Bogaz Ihtis Derg. 2011 Jan-Feb;21(1):32-41.
16. Journal of The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition. 2005 Feb;34(2) p. 162-166.
17. Mol Cell Biochem. 2006 Jan;282(1-2):83-8.
18. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 1995;21(6):229-36.
19. Am J Chin Med. 2005;33(2):231-40.

Natural immunity booster for children

NATIVE PROPOLIS JUNIOR® produced by innovative process from propolis and the bee pollen powder from Dalmatian plants Rock Rose (Cistus sp.). The title native indicates that the product is in its original form, as in nature, without any chemical processing solvents. Therefore, it contains all the substances that the plant installed in it, unlike the propolis preparations derived by chemical solvents, in which there is only a part of medicinal substances (alcoholic, water, polyglicolic solutions). This is the reason why it can be used in large doses without adverse effects. There is no similar product on the market.

The product is GLUTEN FREE.

CONTENT:
One bottle contains 20g powder mixture of 12.5% of propolis and 87.5% bee flower powder in which dominates pollen from Dalmatian plant Rock Rose (Cistus species: C. monspeliensis, C. villosus, C. salviaefolius).

PROPERTIES AND EFFECTS:
There are numerous scientific evidences about the therapeutic potential of propolis. Effectiveness is shown against bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites.  It has anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and anti-allergic properties. It raises body’s immune system by inducing the production of specific substances that strengthen its defense. All this results in protection from diseases. The medicinal properties of Croatian propolis and pollen of Dalmatian Rock Rose, have been tested in the Ruder Boskovic Institute in Zagreb by genetic method of DNA chips and determination of anti-oxidative potential.

PURPOSE:
it is used to strengthen the immunity system, in condition of reduced resistance of the organism and protection from common colds in children.

DOSAGE AND METHOD OF USE:
The product is recommended to children over one year, once a day as follows:
1-2 bottom filled spoons for children under 10 kg body weight
2-4 bottom filled spoons for children from 10-20 kg body weight
4-6 bottom filled spoons for children from 20-30 kg body weight

As it is not soluble in water, the most practical way is to mix it with mushy food (honey, yogurt and similar child food). Any lumps that may remain due to stickiness of propolis can be crunched by the attached spoon.

ADVERSE EFFECTS:
No adverse effects are not expected at the recommended dose due to the original natural form of propolis and pollen received.

PRECAUTION:
Children allergic to bee products are recommended not to use it.

PACKAGE:
Cardboard box contains a bottle containing 20 g of powder and a dosing spoon. Bottom filled spoon contains approximately 0.5 g of powder.

SHELF LIFE:
2 years

Improvement of iron utilisation

The natural product FERROCET® contains pure Croatian propolis and bee pollen of the Dalmatian herb Rock rose (Cistus monspeliensis), with the addition of vitamin C and fructose (fruit sugar). Propolis and pollen are prepared in their native form without any chemical treatment during preparation, preserving all of their healthy properties, just like in nature.  This kind of propolis and bee pollen, obtained through an innovative process were investigated in the Ruder Boskovic Institute in Zagreb and the Institute of Naval Medicine in Split.

The product is GLUTEN FREE.

Content
1 hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose capsule contains 225 mg of propolis, 110 mg of bee pollen, 50 mg of fructose and 15 mg of vitamin C (ascorbic acid).

Therapeutic actions
FERROCET® provides better utilization of iron. Certain levels of iron are present in propolis (cca. 456 mg/kg) and bee pollen (cca. 117 mg/kg). Investigations revealed that propolis and pollen improve iron utilization, transfer of iron to the blood and accelerate restitution of hemoglobin in conditions of iron deficiency. Vitamin C and fructose reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+ which also results in better absorption of iron from the intestine to systemic circulation. In addition, propolis protects vitamin C from degradation, resulting in its higher concentration in the stomach and small intestine, which is very important for the stable metabolism of iron.

Usage
FERROCET® may be used preventively by people who have a tendency of iron deficiency. It is recommended to women of reproductive age, especially those with profuse and frequent menstrual bleeding because such conditions regularly cause decreased iron levels. Children, pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers can also use it

Dosage
2x2 capsules per day, half an hour after meals. In acute conditions the dose can be increased to 2x3 capsules per day. FERROCET® does not contain iron in a synthetic form and there is no risk of overdose.

Adverse effects
There are no adverse effects within recommended doses because of its native form of preparation. 

Precautions
People who are allergic to bee products are recommended not to use it.

Package
Bottle contains 60 capsules

Shelf life
2 years

Owner and producer
Hedera d.o.o., Put Vrbovnika bb, 21311 Stobrec, Croatia

Function improvement and protection of urinary tract

The natural product APICET® contains bee pollen dominated by pollen of the Dalmatian herb Rock rose (Cistus monspeliensis). Rock rose pollen is traditionally used because of its therapeutic properties in numerous conditions, especially in urinary tract protection. Investigations of composition and bioactive effects of APICET® were done in the Ruder Boskovic Institute in Zagreb and the Institute of Naval Medical in Split.

The product is GLUTEN FREE.

Content
1 hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose capsule contains 450 mg of bee pollen

Therapeutic actions
Aside from vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates and proteins, APICET® also contains biologically active substances polyphenols which are responsible for the main effects. It has been proven that substances from Apicet protect the liver from oxidation processes, scavenging of free radicals and help in the metabolism of noxious elements. Clinical investigations suggest that pollen helps in reducing problems with prostate such as enlargement of the prostate, especially in chronic prostatitis (a frequent and urgent need to urinate, pain or a burning sensation when urinating (dysuria), pain in the pelvic area, excessive urination during the night (nocturia), pain in the lower back and genital area, difficulty in urinating or diminished urine flow, occasional blood in semen or in urine (hematuria), painful ejaculation, recurrent infections of the lower urinary tract). Polyphenols, vitamins B6, E and mineral zinc, which are all contained in Rock Rose pollen, have a positive effect on the well being of the prostate. It has also been proven that vitamin E reduces the risk of prostate cancer. Pollen has a positive effect on sexual abilities in men (it can help improve potency and fertility).

Usage
In cases of enlarged prostate, acute and chronic non-bacterial prostatitis.

Dosage
2x3 capsules per day, half an hour before or between meals.

Adverse effects
There are no adverse effects and there is no overdose with pollen

Precautions
People allergic to bee products are recommended not to use it.

Package
Bottle contains 60 capsules.

Shelf life
2 years

Owner and producer
Hedera d.o.o., Put Vrbovnika bb, 21311 Stobrec, Croatia

There are numerous scientific proofs about the antiinflammatory effects of propolis, not just on inflammations caused by microorganisms but on aseptic inflammations which are not caused by infectious agens (burns from radiations and chemicals, autoimmune inflammations). Leading role in it has have the polyphenols from propolis. Researches discover more and more of the complexity of biochemic mechanisms which propolis starts in inflammatory processes. Its antioxidant activity is base of antiinflammatory effect which manifests itself in the prevention of oxidative stress, neutralization of free radicals and strengthened activity of antioxidant enzymes (1,2). Aside from this, propolis stimulates cells of immunological system for production of substances with the antiinflamatory effect (IL-10 etc.), but prevents creation of substances which support the inflammation (IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, TNF-alphas etc.) (3).

Strong antiinflammatory effect has been proved in the inflammation caused by radiation which was observed in decrease of free radicals and strengthened activity of antioxidant enzymes (4). Which is why the protection with propolis is especially significant in risky professions in medicine and industries because of the possible exposure to radiation.

In kidney inflammation (pyelonephritis) caused by bacterias (for example Escherichia coli), propolis diminishes the degree of inflammatory process because its antioxidant effect neutralizes free oxygen radicals that are damaging kidneys (5, 6).

Diabetes (diabetes mellitus type) increases the oxidative stress and accumulates free radicals in hearth that damage heart tissue. Antioxidants from propolis are reducing the consequences of oxidative stress (7).

Thanks to antiinflammatory and antioxidant activity, prevention with propolis prevents the damage of heart muscle caused by free radicals that are result of ishemical - reperfusional phenomenon* (the infarct, angioplastics, trombolisis, coronary by-pass) (8,9). Same mechanisms are used for interrupting deepening of violation of tissue after the blow (for example muscles) which is also result of ishemical - reperfusional phenomenon (10,11). The long-lasting use of propolis has no harmful effects on heart (12).

Substances from propolis are efficient in decreasing of inflammation and lung tissue damages (13).

The effect of propolis in skin transplants is favourable thanks to not just neutralizations of free radicals and increasing activity of antioxidant enzymes, but also to reduced amount of N oxides (NO) (14). N oxide is included in process of damaging tissues in inflammatory and autoimmune illnesses (15).

It is known that the oxidative tissue damages (the brain is especially sensitive) are present in the inflammatory and autoimmune illnesses (multipla scleroses, encefalomielitis). Substances out of propolis are reducing the accumulation of free radicals caused by inflammatory processes and ease clinical symptoms. The favourable effect is also because of decreased number of substances that support inflammation (NF-KAPPA B, BUT-sintetase) (16,17,18). Propolis increasingly proves itself in therapeutic potential of preventioning of neurotoxic events caused by inflammatory processes in the brain.

Considerable improvement in patients with mild to moderate asthma, who has taken propolis, can be attributed to decreasing number of substances that support inflammation and shrink respiratory tracts and enlarging antiinflammatory substances (19,3, 20,21).

It has been proved that propolis reduces the creation of cytocin which supports inflammation of colitises (22).

It is also believed that propolis prevents angiogenesis which favors inflammatory processes (23).

Antiinflammatory effect of propolis has been proved in acute and chronic inflammatory process of upper respiratory tracts, chemical violations of eye, acute and chronical arthritises and bacterial keratitis, uveitisa and rhinitis (24,25,26,27,28,29).

Ishemical - reperfusional appearance on the reduced blood flow through some organs or parts of body because of spasms or organic obstruction of arteries (ischemia), reaction of organism is huge inflow of necessary matters (the reperfusion) which causes tissue damage.

LITERATURE:

1. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 1993;19(5):197-203.
2. J Ethnopharmacol. 1996 Dec;55(1):19-25.
3. Z Naturforsch [C]. 2003 Jul-Aug;58(7-8):580-9.
4. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 1995;21(6):229-36.
5. Mol Cell Biochem. 2007 Mar;297(1-2):131-8.
6. Urol Res. 2001 Jun;29(3):190-3.
7. Clin Biochem. 2005 Feb;38(2):191-6.
8. Clin Biochem. 2004 Aug;37(8):702-5.
9. Cell Biochem Funct. 2004 Sep-Oct;22(5):287-90.
10. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 2006;40(2):73-8.
11. Mol Cell Biochem. 2006 Nov;292(1-2):197-203.
12. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006 Apr 21;105(1-2):95-8.
13. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2006;19(2):90-5.
14. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2007;60(5):563-8.
15. J Ethnopharmacol. 2002 May;80(2-3):155-61.
16. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 2003 Jul 23;115(2):111-20.
17. Free Radic Biol Med. 2004 Aug 1;37(3):386-94.
18. Planta Med. 2006 Aug;72(10):899-906.
19. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2003 Feb;17(1):93-102.
20. Int Immunopharmacol. 2006 Jul;6(7):1053-60.
21. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2006 Oct;35(4):457-65.
22. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Dec;299(3):915-20.
23. Arch Pharm Res. 2002 Aug;25(4):500-4.
24. Rom J Virol. 1995 Jul-Dec;46(3-4):115-33.
25. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 1999 Jul-Aug;43(4):285-9.
26. Ophthalmic Res. 2005 Nov-Dec;37(6):328-34.
27. Mol Cell Biochem. 2006 Jan;281(1-2):153-61.
28. J Altern Complement Med. 2007 Sep;13(7):713-8.
29. Arch Pharm Res. 1999 Dec;22(6):554-8.

Antibacterial effect of propolis is more expressed on the gram-positive (Streptococcus SP. ,Staphylococcus SP.) than on the gram-negative bacterium (Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Proteus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa) (1). In the antibacterial effect more ingredients of propolis are participating.

Propolis stops the multiplication of bacterium by damaging its cytoplasm, cytoplasm membrane and cellular membrane, causes the partial bacterialisis and inhibits the synthesis of proteins (2). When it’s taken with the combination of majority of antibiotics (the penicillin, ampicillin, gentamicin, penicillin G, streptomycin, tetracycline, kloksacilin, ceftriakson, chloramphenicol, neomycin, monomicin, oleandomicin, polimiksin, doksiciklin, vancomicin, cefradin, polimiksin B) antibacterical effect is stronger and period of recovery is shorter (3,4,5).

It is interesting that in case when antibiotics (the chloramphenicol, gentamicin, netilmicin, tetracycline, vancomycin, ciprofloksacin) are not functioning on some bacteria (for example Staphylococcus aureus) in combination with propolis they have the antibacterial effect (6,7,8). In cases when antibiogram shows (in vitro) that propolis doesn’t have any effect on some gram-negative bacterias (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), in the organism (in vivo) propolis stimulates immunological system for prevention of inflammatory processes that they cause (9).

In bacterial inflammation (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pyogenes) of upper respiratory tracts or in the mouth cavity (Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus bribe, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Candida albicans, Lactobacillus casei) antibiotic therapy can be enhanced in the combination with propolis (10, 11, 12, 13, 14).

Considering the growing resistance (the resistance) of bacterias to antibiotics, its obvious that the revolutionary time of antibiotics is slowly comming to an end (15). Sinergistic enlargement of antibiotic effect in combination with propolis, even in cases when antibiotics alone are not functioning, points out to the promising role of propolis in antibacterial therapy. Since propolis is not toxic, it does not provoke the resistance in the organism and does not damage the normal intestinal fluorine.

Antibacterial effect on the gram-positive bacterias is not significantly different in samples of propolis from the same plant collected in different seasons. In spite of differences in the chemical structure, propolis of different fitogeografical origin is showing the similar antibacterical, antifungus and antivirus activity. Which is why propolis is pharmacologicaly valuable like natural mixture of all substances it contains (NATIVE PROPOLIS), and not like the source of new compounds against microorganisms (16,17,18).

There’s an interesting experience of one known footballer after the operation of ankle joint. Process started with high fever which clearly suggested that it is a strong inflammatory process. The inflammatory process of the ancle joint was caused by MRSA infection (golden staphylococcus , Methicillin-Resistent Staphylococcus aureus). Because that bacterium is very resistant to antibiotics, inflammation which starts lasts very long (becomes chronical) and is very difficult to cure. Thats what happend in this case. Continuation of such state would have the serious consequence on the health, and certainly on career. When he started to take large doses of native propolis (3x3 capsules daily) with the prescribed antibiotic therapy, the inflammatory process completely calmed down. Today he plays football again. 

It was scientifically established that propolis effects on next bacterias in a way that it stops their multiplication (bacteriostaticly) or it kills it (bactericidal): Bacillus larvae (19), Bacillus subtilis (20), Helicobacter pylori (21,22), MRSA (the Methicillin-Resistent Staphylococcus aureus), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (23), Staphylococcus SP, Staphylococcus aureus (9,4,20,18,24,4,25), Streptococcus SP., Streptococcus faecalis, Streptomyces (26,34), With. sobrinus, mutans, cricetus (3,27,28), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (29), Escherichia coli (9,4,24,30), Salmonella (30), Bacteroides nodosus (31,32), Klebsiella pneumoniae (17,33), Streptococcus pyogenes (6,25), Proteus vulgaris (1, 17), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17), Streptococcus agalactiae (9), Paenibacillus larvae (35).

LITERATURE:

1. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 1990 Mar;83(3):159-60.
2. Planta Medica 1994 Jun,60(3):222-7.
3. Z Naturforsch [C] 1999 Jul-Aug;54(7-8):549-53.
4. Arzneimittelforschung 1993 May;43(5):607-9.
5. Microbiol Res. 2006;161(4):327-33. Epub 2006 Jan 19.
6. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 1990 Mar;83(3):159-60.
7. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2005 Aug;100(5):563-6. Epub 2005 Sep 15.
8. Ophthalmic Res. 2005 Nov-Dec;37(6):328-34. Epub 2005 Aug 6.
9. Planta Medica 1994 Jun,60(3):222-7.
10. J Chemother. 2006 Apr;18(2):164-71.
11. Anaerobe. 2007 Jun-Aug;13(3-4):140-5. Epub 2007 Mar 7.
12. Anaerobe. 2002 Feb;8(1):9-15.
13. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2006 Feb;32(2):229-38.
14. Microbiol Res. 2005;160(2):189-95.
15. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005 Dec 1;102(3):371-6. Epub 2005 Aug 3.
16. Acta Pharm. 2003 Dec;53(4):275-85.
17. Vaccine 1992;10(12):817-23.
18. Chung Kuo Chung Yao Tsa Chih 1991 Aug;16(8):481-2, 512.
19. Apiacta 1982;17:16-20.
20. Z Naturforsch [C] 2000 Sep-Oct;55(9-10):778-84.
21. Przegl Lek 2000;57(4):191-4.
22. Phytomedicine 2001 Jan;8(1):16-23.
23. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine Mar. 1990;83(3):159-60.
24. Z Naturforsch [C] 2001 Jan-Feb;56(1-2):82-8.
25. Antibiotiki 1981 Apr;26(4):268-71.
26. Pharmazie 1986 Feb;41(2):131-32.
27. Caries Research 1991;25(5):347-51.
28. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2002 Dec;17(6):337-43.
29. Elsevier Science publishers 1988:439-446.
30. Vopr Med Khim 1986;32(3):45-48.
31. Apimondia Publishing House, Bucharest, Romania, 1978;149-50.
32. Apiacta 1989;XXIV(3):80-81.
33. Apidologie 1991;22(2):155-62.
34. J Ethnopharmacol 2001 Feb;74(2):105-12.
35. J Invertebr Pathol. 2007 Oct 17.

For centuries propolis is being mentioned as the strengthener of immunological system. Newer researches are undoubtedly confirming such traditional experiences (1). Results are indicating that propolis amplifies immunological mechanisms for the production of specific and nonspecific defensive matters with which it is confronting illness and interrupts its progress, independently of native and acquired immunological capacities. Professionally, such effect is defined as immunomodulational or immunoregulational activity, and popularly like the strengthening of immunological system.

It has been proved that propolis in vitro prevents the growth of bacterium by not allowing dividing of bacterial stations (2). But propolis in vivo (in the organism), stimulates the immunological system for production of the specific and nonspecific matters from the macrophage which stops the illness, even in cases when in vitro propolis does not function on some bacterias (3,4). Which is why in bacterial inflammations the activity of antibiotics in the combination with propolis is more efficient than antibiotic alone (5,6).

In viral illnesses propolis is directly functioning on viruses by not allowing their multiplication and at the same time it encourages the immunological system on the accelerated production of antibodies (7,8,9,10,11).

In tumor illnesses it encourages immunological system on the strengthened activity of killer-cells and other specific and nonspecific defensive matters and at the same time moves the death mechanism of tumor cells (1,12). Its antimetastasis characteristics are also binded to the immunological activity (13).

Protective activity of propolis in radioactive radiations is manifested by stimulation of macrophage to produce interferons and specific cytokins which points to the immunological reaction of organism (14).

In some parasites which are causing inflammatory bowel disease, prevention with propolis significantly calms down the inflammatory process, which happens because of increased quantity of interferons in blood. That’s why the combination of medicine (the antiprotozoic) and propolis is more efficient than the activity of the single therapeutic (15).

Research with genetic method of DNA chips at the “Ruder Boskovic” Institute in Zagreb proved that native propolis eliminates all noxious substances (carcinogenic, poisons, free radicals, pollutants) introduced or created in the organism, and repairs damage in cells. Excellent years-long experiences in health protection with native propolis are only confirming the scientific facts.

LITERATURE:
1. J Ethnopharmacol. 2007 Aug 15;113(1):1-14. Epub 2007 May 22.
2. Planta Medica 1994 Jun,60(3):222-7.
3. Vaccine 1992;10(12):817-23.
4. Antibiotiki 1981 Apr;26(4):268-71.
5. Z Naturforsch [C] 1999 Jul-Aug;54(7-8):549-53.
6. Z Naturforsch [C] 1999 Jul-Aug;54(7-8):549-53.
7. Isr Med Assoc J 2002 Nov;4(11 Suppl):923-7.
8. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 1997;23(2):89-96.
9. Microbiologica. 1990 Jul;13(3):207-13.
10. J Nat Prod. 1994 May;57(5):644-7.
11. Int Immunopharmacol. 2004 Jul;4(7):975-82.
12. Planta Med. 2006 Jan;72(1):20-7.
13. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003 Feb;84(2-3):265-73.
14. Am J Chin Med. 2005;33(2):231-40.
15. J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 2007 Aug;37(2 Suppl):691-710.

Medicine still doesn’t have successful cure for many viral illnesses. In the struggle against viruses, best results were attained by the use of prophylactic procedures, first of all the vaccination.
Good experiences with propolis in most frequent viral illnesses (cold, flu) contributed to testing of it’s influence on different viruses. Research undoubtedly indicates that propolis has indirect and direct effect - direct antiviral effect and indirectly it’s stimulating specific immunological defenses.

The indirect antiviral effect is based on the activity in viruses DNA. In some sorts (Herpes simplex, influenza, Herpes genitalis, Herpes zoster, Variola vera major, reo-virus etc.) it prevents its replication (in other words the multiplication inside the cell) and it also reduces the DNA synthesis that manifests itself in decrease of viral activity (1,2,3,4). In some oncogene viruses its interrupting transformation of the healthy cells to carcinogenic cells by means of decomposing their DNA (the fragmentation) and at the same time moves the mechanism of apoptosis with reference to death of transformed station (5,6,7). Research at the “Ruder Boskovic” Institute in Zagreb confirms that native propolis also kills tumor cells and deformed cells (apoptosis), but it doesn’t effect healthy cells.

The base of indirect effect is specific strengthening of the immunological system, which is obvious in increased number of lymphocytes and antibodies as an answer to viral infections (8). It is interesting that the vaccine (weakened viruses) in combination with propolis is more efficient in raising the immunological defense than the vaccine itself (9).

Clinical research showed faster process of recovery in genital herpes in men and women by local use of greases with propolis substances than with the medicine acyclovir (10). In case of cold virus taking of propolis is accelerating the time of recovery by 2.5 times (11).

Research is unequivocally indicating that propolis, as the mixture of about 300 compounds, is more efficient against viruses than his single compounds (12). Samples of propolis from different geographical areas have different chemical structure, but the difference in biological effects is insignificant (13). Thats why the healing value of propolis is important as mixture of all natural compounds which plants have built in it (native propolis) and not by isolating single compounds or mixtures of some compounds (extracts of propolis).

Years-long results of questionnaire for people who preventively used NATIVE PROPOLIS confirm the absence of viral illnesses (colds, flu) and faster recovery when they used it at an early stage of illness. It is interesting that with native propolis in few cases of the mononucleoses illness (Epstein-Barrov virus) symptoms of illness were mildly expressed. Clinical results showed slight enlargement of specific parameters and the recovery period was considerably shorter. NATIVE PROPOLIS is powerful but harmless natural preparation for health preservation and recovery in viral illnesses.

LITERATURE:
1. Isr Med Assoc J 2002 Nov;4(11 Suppl):923-7.
2. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 1997;23(2):89-96.
3. Microbiologica. 1990 Jul;13(3):207-13.
4. J Nat Prod. 1994 May;57(5):644-7.
5. Arch Virol. 2001 Aug;146(8):1517-26.
6. Mol Carcinog. 1991;4(3):231-42.
7. Anticancer Res. 1995 Sep-Oct;15(5B):1841-8.
8. Int Immunopharmacol. 2004 Jul;4(7):975-82.
9. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2007 Mar 15;116(1-2):79-84.
10. Phytomedicine. 2000 Mar;7(1):1-6.
11. Otolaryngologia Polska 1989;43(3):180-4.
12. J Nat Prod. 1992 Dec;55(12):1732-40.
13. J Ethnopharmacol. 1999 Mar;64(3):235-40

Protection of respiratory organs

BRONHOCET® contains pure Croatian propolis and bee pollen of Dalmatian herb Rock Rose with addition of vitamin C. Propolis and pollen are prepared in their native form without chemical treatment in solvents and because of that they contain all healthy natural ingredients as in nature. That kind of propolis and pollen, produced by special innovative procedures, were examined at Ruder Boskovic Institute in Zagreb and Institute of Naval Medicine in Split.

The product is GLUTEN FREE.

Ingredients
1 hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose capsule contains 385 mg of propolis and bee flower powder in 2:1 proportion and 15 mg vitamin C (ascorbic acid).

Therapeutic actions
Numerous clinical experiences and studies are showing therapeutic potential of propolis in inflammation processes of nasal cavity, throat, sinuses, in bronchi and lungs. Clinical research in mild to moderate asthma showed considerable improvement in respiratory functions and decrease in number of nightly attacks by 2,5 times. Clinical improvement is followed by decrease of substances that are aiding inflammatory process and triple increase of anti inflammatory substances.

Researches at Ruder Boskovic Institute determined that propolis improves antioxidant lungs defense. Lungs in adults are very vulnerable to oxidative stress and cannot activate antioxidant protection by themselves.

Usage
It is used for strengthening and protection of respiratory organs of individuals that are inclined to or have inherited illnesses of respiratory organs and especially for smokers and persons exposed to polluted air

Dosage and administration
Take preventively 2x2 capsules per day at least half an hour before meal or between meals. In acute conditions dosage can be increased to 2x3 or 3x3 capsules per day.

Adverse effects
None harmful effects have been registered or are expected when taking recommended doses because of the original natural source of bee substances produced without the chemical processing with solvents.

Precautions
People allergic to bee products are recommended not to use it.

Packaging
Bottle containes 60 capsules.

Shelf life
2 years.

Immunity booster with calcium

HEPROCET® is a special bee recipe of propolis and pollen with addition of calcium, which protects and invigorates protection of organism from allergies in a natural way. Propolis and pollen are prepared in their natural form without chemical processing with solvents and that’s why they contain all healthy natural substances. Such propolis, obtained in particular and innovative way, as well as pollen, were examined in Ruder Boskovic Institute in Zagreb and Institute of Naval Medicine in Split

The product is GLUTEN FREE.

Content
1 hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose capsule contains 350 mg of propolis and bee pollen of Dalmatian plant businac (Cistus monspeliensis) in proportion 2:1 and 50 mg of calcium citrate.

Therapeutic actions
Pollen allergy (pollen fever or allergy rhinitis) is the most common allergy disease caused by floral powder particles. It usually begins in early spring and can last until the end of October. The most prominent symptoms are: snuffle and nose leakage, flow of tears, red and swollen eyes, sneezing, cough and hoarseness, itch of eyes, nose and throat, circles under the eyes and other. Appropriate therapies (hiposensibilation, antihistaminics, dekongestants, corticosteroids, kromons) and avoiding allergens (controlling bioprognosis and allergy) ease the symptoms.

It was shown by research that propolis blocks the release of histamin and prevents allergy reactions. It is also assumed that, with its immunomodulation activity, propolis invigorates defense and creates protective substances in organism which eliminate allergy appearances. As the concentration of propolis increases, the anti-allergic effect becomes more expressed. Mineral calcium is very important for the prevention of allergies. Bee pollen and propolis improve the transition of calcium from digestive system to the blood so it can additionally increase his concentration in system circulation. Besides calcium, added in the form of citrate, floral dust also contains natural calcium (about 1.000 mg/kg of pollen).

Usage
It is used as prevention for people who are predisposed to allergies. For seasonal allergy, it is recommended to start using the product two weeks before the start of plant flowering.

Dosage and administration
It is used preventively 2x2 capsules per day at least half an hour before lunch or between two meals. In acute conditions dosage can be increased on 2x3 capsules per day in consultation with your doctor.

Harmful effects
None of the harmful effects were observed or are expected with recommended dosage, because of original and natural configuration of bee substances produced without chemical processing with solvents.

Precautions
People who are allergic to bee products are recommended not to use it.

Packaging
Bottle contains 60 capsules.

Shelf life
2 years

Natural source of vitamines and minerals

Bee pollen with propolis® is the natural mineral-vitamin mixture which contains the original unprocessed bee pollen dominated by the pollen from Dalmatian plant Rock Rose (Cistus sp.). Pollen is a male reproductive cell of plant which contains not only vitamins and minerals but many other substances necessary for the creation, development and maintenance of life. Unlike other similar synthetic preparations, natural ingredients from the pollen easily and quickly transferred from the digestive system in systemic circulation and have no harmful effects.

The product is GLUTEN FREE.

Content
1 hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose capsule contains 400 mg of bee pollen stabilized with 50 mg of propolis.

Usage 
Additional minerals and vitamins are necessary for people that are not eating regularly or if they are often under stress, take pleasure in alcohol, smoking or are on a diet. It is particularly advised for the elderly, pregnant women, nursing women, people in rehabilitation process and the ones with heighten physical activities (athletes, business people) and people with chronic diseases who are continually taking medications.

Dosage and administration
2x2 capsules per day are used as prevention, half an hour before meal or in between meals. In special conditions (recovering after diseases, heighten physical activity, low calorie diet) dose can be increased from 2x3 capsules per day.

Adverse effects
There are no harmful effects or possibility to overdose with pollen.

Precautions
People allergic to bee products are recommended not to use it.

Packaging
Bottle contains 60 capsules.

Shelf life
1,5 years

Natural immunity booster

The use of propolis in its original form is becoming increasingly difficult nowadays, due to pollution in areas where bees collect it. Thus, it needs to be chemically treated before it can be used by humans.

These procedures are a cause of partial loss of biologically active substances. Therefore, propolis solutions do not retain all the compounds originally contained in propolis since it is not completely soluble in any known solvent.

Due to harmful effects of solvents, it must not be used in larger quantities and large dosages are prone to cause stomach pains.

Company HEDERA had succeeded in producing native propolis in its original form without the use of chemical solvents, using its innovative methods. It has been collected in ecologically clean parts of Croatia.

This is a dietetic product of the highest purity, containing all biologically active substances.

It can be used in larger dosages without harmful side effects because it does not contain any solvents. There is no similar product on the market.

Content
1 capsule contains app. 270 mg of pure propolis and app. 130 mg of bee collected Rock Rose (Cistus sp.) pollen.

Therapeutic actions
Researches conducted in the Institute of Maritime Medicine in Split have shown that Croatian propolis has a stronger antioxidative effect than vitamins C and E and some synthetic antioxidants.

It was proved in Ruđer Bošković Institute that native propolis significantly reduces the level of free radicals in blood, especially in brain. This points to a possibility of its beneficial effect in treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease).

Dosage and administration
It is used to strengthen weakened immune system in cases of reduced immunity, to prevent common cold and influenza, to treat chronic illnesses, low fitness and during the recovery phase of illness.

It is recommended as a protection from harmful effects of free radicals, which accumulate in states of stress, increased mental and physical efforts, radiation and in a polluted atmosphere (recommended to athletes, physical workers, politicians, business people, students, radiologists and x-ray technicians, divers, radarists and others).

The recommended dose is 3-4 capsules per day at least half an hour before meals. The dose can be increased during inflammatory processes and severe illnesess.

Precautions
Persons allergic to bee products must not use propolis.

Packaging
The bottle contains 60 capsules.

Shelf life
2 years.

The basis of the strategic development is the project APICEUTICS based on technological development and production of bee products with scientifically proven healing properties, without any chemical processing. Project APICEUTICS has emerged as a product of the Ministry of Science and Education for knowledge-based companies. Relying primarily on the huge domestic potential, Hedera works with 300-plus Croatian beekeepers.
The long term goal of our company is to make available our unique, natural products to users worldwide. Thanks to continuous research and development, the company now has a respectable scientific potential that guarantees success for the company, as well as the quality of the end user.

Katalinić V, Radić S, Ropac D, Mulić R, Katalinić A.
Odjel sanitarne kemije i toksikologije, Institut pomorske medicine HRM, Split, Hrvatska.

AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidative activity of propolis from ecologically clean parts of Dalmatia.

METHODS: Phenol concentration in ethanolic propolis extracts was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent using gallic acid as the standard. Flavonoid phenolic compounds were analyzed after precipitation with formaldehyde. The residual non-flavonoid phenolics were also determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method. By determining the change of peroxide number (PN), of tiobarbiture acid reactive species (TBARS), and of DPPH-radical activity, antioxidative efficiency of propolis was tested and compared with well known and widely used synthetic antioxidants. Values of PN and TBARS were determined at 60 degrees C in samples of trigyceride substrate (lard) without and with the addition of antioxidants. Compared was the efficiency of three antioxidants: propolis (alcoholic extract), vitamin E, and (+)-catechin in a concentration of 1%. PN was monitored during 50 days. By the method of Sedlacek, TBARS were measured during 30 days. Antioxidative activity of propolis extract was also measured in terms of hydrogen donating ability using stable radical alpha,alpha-diphenyl-beta-picril hidrazyl (DPPH*) and compared with commercial synthetic antioxidants of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and (+)-cathecin. Inhibition degree of DPPH* was calculated by the formula of Yen and Duh.

RESULTS: Total phenol content, expressed as gallic acid, in propolis extracts varied from 75.2 to 90.2 g/kg propolis. The proportion of flavonoids in total phenols ranged from 62% to 65%. Values of TBARS were not increased only in samples with added propolis. The inhibition of DPPH-radical by propolis extracts ranged from 93% to 96%, by catechin 95%, by BHT 49%, and by BHA 64%. Compared to BHT and BHA, propolis extracts showed greater reducing activity against DPPH-radical.

DISCUSSION: The chemical composition of propolis, and thus its biological activity depend on the plant from which it has been collected, and on the macro- and microclimatic conditions. Many compounds in propolis exert antioxidative activity. A belief was expressed that the biological activity of propolis is very probably based mostly on its antioxidative efficiency. Dalmatian propolis showed high efficiency in the prevention of oxidative processes. This could be explained by the high proportion of polyphenol constituents, especially flavonoids. A very low and equal degree of increase of PN, as a measure of oxidative processes, was noticed in the samples of triglyceride substrate with the addition of propolis and (+)-catechin. The greatest rise of TBARS was measured in the samples of pure lard. There was no increase of TBARS only in the samples with added propolis. Propolis and (+)-catechin showed great efficiency in the inhibition of DPPH-radical, greater than BHT and BHA, which are widely used in food industry.

CONCLUSION: The results indicate that Dalmatian propolis could be an efficient protective agent against oxidative processes in food. The high antioxidative activity of propolis, its natural origin, and present knowledge about its biological properties, make it a very promising nutritional additive for human diet.

Sobočanec S, Šverko V, Balog T, Šaric A, Rusak G, Likić S, Kušić B, Katalinić V, Radić S, Marotti T.

Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Zagreb.

Native propolis was defined as propolis powder collected from the continental part of Croatia and prepared according to a patented process that preserves all the propolis natural nutritional and organoleptic qualities.

Nine phenolic compounds (out of thirteen tested) in propolis sample were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Among them chrysin was the most abundant (2478.5 microg/g propolis). Contrary to moderate antioxidant activity of propolis examined in vitro (ferric reduction antioxidant power; FRAP-assay), propolis as a food supplement modulated antioxidant enzymes (AOE) and significantly decreased lipid peroxidation processes (LPO) in plasma, liver, lungs, and brain of mice. The effect was dose- and tissue-dependent. The lower dose (100 mg/kg bw) protected plasma from oxidation, whereas the higher dose (300 mg/kg bw) was pro-oxidative. Hyperoxia (long-term normobaric 100% oxygen) increased LPO in all three organs tested.

The highest vulnerability to oxidative stress was observed in lungs where hyperoxia was not associated with augmentation of AOE. Propolis protected lungs from hyperoxia by increased catalase (CAT) activity. This is of special importance for lungs since lungs of adult animals are highly vulnerable to oxidative stress because of their inability to augment AOE activity. Because of its strong antioxidant and scavenging abilities, native propolis might be used as a strong plant-based antioxidant effective not only in physiological conditions but also in cases that require prolonged high concentration of oxygen.

Propolis therapy or therapy that combines propolis with medications has been considerably effective in healing inflammation of nasal cavity, throat, sinusitis, inflammation of the vocal cords, bronchitis and pulmonary tuberculosis.

Asthma A clinical study of patients suffering from mild to medium asthma has shown that propolis reduces the frequency of seizures at night and considerably improves the ventilatory lung functions.

Lung cancer Tests on animals have proved that propolis prevents forming of bronchial and alveolar cell carcinoma. Propolis treatment or treatment that combines propolis with cytostatics prevents metastasizing to the lungs. Research at Ruđer Bošković Institute has proved that NATIVE PROPOLIS protects the lungs from damage caused by free radicals and oxidative stress and prevents forming of lung cancer because it markedly strengthens the gene the lack of which leads to appearance of tumour. Furthermore, the research showed that NATIVE PROPOLIS stops the growth and kills the tumour cells.

Therefore, it is important to protect the lungs with propolis when inhaling increased quantities of oxygen (hyperbaric oxygen therapy, diving, increased physical exertion – athletes), working in polluted atmosphere (smog, chemical solvents, smoking), when suffering from pulmonary diseases and when at risk for possible hereditary pulmonary diseases.

Propolis has a healing effect on the digestive system. It stimulates its regular functioning and protects stomach cells from alcohol-caused damage. Experiences with NATIVE PROPOLIS show that it can be effective in constipation prevention.

Gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer Due to its anaesthetic and healing properties, propolis has been used in treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer for a long time. The practice of using NATIVE PROPOLIS has shown rapid healing effect on duodenal ulcers.This is probably due to its anti-inflammatory properties, forming of film over the mucous membrane, reduction of gastric acidity and soothing the smooth musculature cramps.

Large intestine inflammation
Clinical as well as our own experiences in the application of propolis have shown a very beneficial effect on chronic large intestine inflammation (colitis).

Large intestine carcinoma
It prevents lesion of the large intestine that can cause the development of carcinoma. When the carcinoma has already developed it slows down its growth, kills the tumour cells and reduces the risk of metastasizing to the liver. Combined with cytostatics, it diminishes the progress of abdomen carcinoma considerably and the recuperation of white and red blood cells is more rapid, compared to using only cytostatics.
Therefore, it could be used, with a compulsory physician recommendation, in addition to the cytostatic therapy, because it improves the immune system and alleviates the consequences of chemotherapy.

It assists in wound healing, not only when applied locally, but also when taken by mouth.

Survival of mice after exposure to gamma rays is attributed to propolis’s antioxidative properties and it indicates its potential for protection from free radicals produced by various types of radiation.

Protects the stomach from alcohol damage.

When a stroke is suffered, propolis, in synergy with pollen, strengthens the antioxidative defence and improves blood supply of the brain which results in more rapid rehabilitation of disrupted and lost brain functions.

Propolis prevents cataract development and enhances the antioxidative defence of blood and lenses, thus protecting cornea from the consequences of chemical injuries.

At the present state of knowledge we could say that the basis of biological activity is to be found in propolis’s strong anti-oxidant properties because it inhibits and scavenges free radicals, which are known to cause a number of diseases, such as tumours, cardiovascular diseases, nervous system diseases, cataract, emphysema, premature ageing and others.

Its local anaesthetic properties are equivalent to those of Lidocaine and greater than those of cocaine and Procaine. Propolis is also useful as an analgesic agent when taken by mouth.

Strong anti-inflammatory effect is visible in cases of acute as well as chronic inflammation. It is interesting that it is also effective against non-infectious inflammations (burns caused by sun, fire, radiation and chemicals).

It blocks the development of single cell parasite Trichomonas vaginalis, which causes inflammation of female reproductive organs and male urethra. It is also effective against Trypanosoma cruzi.

Propolis inhibits the reproduction of a number of viruses that cause human diseases (Herpes simplex, genitalis and zoster, influenza and smallpox).

Clinical tests have showed that the time of recovery from common cold can be reduced by 2,5 times when propolis is used.

It is effective against various types of fungi, mainly those causing skin and hair diseases.

Propolis has a stronger antibacterial effect on gram-positive bacteria (streptococcus, staphylococcus) than on gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Proteus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa).

Furthermore, it is beneficial in treatment of tuberculosis in human patients. It is interesting to note that, even when it is not directly effective against gram-negative bacteria, propolis creates protection against inflammation caused by those bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa).

The effect is less strong as well as less toxic than that of antibiotics, it does not cause bacteria resistance and it does not damage healthy intestinal flora.

When used in synergy with some of the antibiotics, the time of recovery is significantly reduced.

Propolis is a resinous substance of a yellowy green to brown or dark red colour, a balsamic aroma, and a bitter taste. To this day, over 300 biologically active substances have been isolated from propolis.

The most important among them are flavonoids, various phenolics and aromatic compounds.

The use of propolis in its original form is becoming increasingly difficult nowadays, due to pollution in areas where bees collect it. Thus, it needs to be chemically treated before it can be used by humans.

These procedures are a cause of partial loss of biologically active substances. Therefore, propolis solutions do not retain all the compounds originally contained in propolis since it is not completely soluble in any known solvent.

Due to harmful effects of solvents, it must not be used in larger quantities and large dosages are prone to cause stomach pains.

Company HEDERA had succeeded in producing native propolis in its original form without the use of chemical solvents, using its innovative methods. It has been collected in ecologically clean parts of Croatia.

This is a dietetic product of the highest purity, containing all biologically active substances. It can be used in larger dosages without harmful side effects because it does not contain any solvents.

There is no similar product on the market.

Propolis is a resin collected by bees mostly from flower and leaf buds. Historical monuments indicate that it has been used as a remedy since ancient times. It is known to have a wide spectrum of therapeutic effects.